Bio-based sulfur copolymers from unsaturated oils: comparative study of safflower and linseed oils for Reactive Black 5 removal

= 0.973-0.996) for all copolymers. This work demonstrates that systematically tuning oil unsaturation and NaCl-induced porosity provides a simple, scalable strategy to design sulfur-based copolymers with programmable adsorption kinetics, surface heterogeneity, and removal efficiency, offering a sustainable, biodegradable, and thermally stable alternative for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.