Tracing Bell Beaker mobility from Otzing Germany utilizing a multi-isotopic approach (δ13C/14C, δ15N δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr)

Abstract The Bell Beaker phenomenon, noted for its distinctive pottery and profound social transformations, emerged in Central and Western Europe during the late Neolithic to early Bronze Age. This study investigated a Bell Beaker cemetery in Otzing, Germany, utilizing a multi-isotopic approach that incorporated strontium ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), sulfur (δ 34 S), carbon (δ 13 C, 14 C), and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotopes analyzing 16 samples. The primary objective was to assess potential differences in δ 34 S and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope values to explore mobility patterns and diet among the individuals interred at the site. By analyzing these isotopic signatures, we aimed to elucidate the origins and movement of these individuals, as well as their dietary practices, which can provide a clearer picture of social connections and exchanges within the Bell Beaker population in southern Germany. This analysis contributes to our understanding of how mobility, resource use, and community interaction influenced cultural developments during this period. The results indicated a relatively stable diet and limited mobility, with notable deviations suggesting early interactions or migration, further illuminating the dynamics of Bell Beaker communities during this transformative era of cultural change.