Ecological Momentary Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a hallmark of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, routine retrospective evaluations neglect its dynamic nature. To address this limitation, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) provides a useful methodology for collecting data in real time and in participants' natural surroundings. The current systematic review synthesizes findings from EMA studies on emotion dysregulation in ADHD. Systematic searches were conducted through April 2025 across three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). We included 33 studies, with approximately 2678 participants. Findings demonstrate that EMA successfully captures variation in emotion dysregulation while relating it to negative affect and functional impairment, regardless of age. Compliance rates (60-99%) confirm feasibility; however, studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal data, particularly conducted with adolescents, are required. By providing "real-time" insight into the everyday dynamics of ADHD, the evidence compiled in this review offers a strong basis for the clinical use of EMA in patient management.