A water quantity-quality monitoring system to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on urban rivers

resulted to be primarily associated with urban activities and indicative of sewer system contributions in both downtown and surrounding areas, whereas NO₃-N reflected agricultural inputs. Insights gained during the first two years of monitoring confirm the system's effectiveness in assessing urban river quality and distinguishing between urban and agricultural contributions. Furthermore, the findings inform the design of monitoring programs for similar urban river contexts. After two years of operation, the study summarizes the strengths and limitations of the implemented system and evaluates its applicability to other case studies.