Роль алармінів IL-25, IL-33, TSLP у патогенезі та лікуванні бронхопульмональної патології (огляд літератури)

Bronchopulmonary disease is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the incidence of this disease is projected to continue to increase due to the long-term effects of risk factors and population ageing. Therefore, it is very important to investigate pulmonary pathology at the cellular level and study the molecular relationships in the pathological response. One of the main components directly involved in the pathogenesis of immune inflammation is cytokines. Assessment of cytokine levels as markers of inflammation in various biological materials from patients provides information about the intensity of the inflammatory process, prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. This paper presents conceptual features of the involvement of pleiotropic cytokines-alarmins IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP in the pathomechanism of bronchopulmonary pathology based on a review of current literature. Objective — to analyse the existing scientific data on IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP alarmins and demonstrate the importance of studying their response to damage in the bronchopulmonary system, according to the updated nomenclature of allergic diseases, using various research methods to determine the prospects for further research in this area. Materials and methods. To conduct the systematic review, the authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the review, we can state that there are currently very few experimental and clinical trials of the IL-25 molecule, while the cytokines IL-33 and TSLP are involved in a number of clinical trials aimed at investigating medicinal products. Conclusions. According to the analysis, we can state that the study of clinical randomised trials of drug therapy with monoclonal antibodies to these molecules in bronchopulmonary pathology caused by the use of high-flow oxygen, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, uncontrolled asthma, ARDS, bronchiolitis and pulmonary fibrosis is the most progressive and promising area of modern clinical research as the results demonstrated therapeutic efficacy.