Чинники ризику, пов’язані з хронічністю патології гортані

Chronic laryngitis is a persistent inflammatory condition of the laryngeal mucosa, characterised by long-term dysphonia and impaired vocal function, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. The disease has a multifactorial aetiology, including smoking, laryngopharyngeal reflux, occupational exposure and vocal overuse, and may lead to precancerous or malignant lesions if untreated. Objective — to analyse and synthesise scientific literature in order to identify the main risk factors associated with chronic laryngitis and to determine their role in the persistence and progression of the disease. Materials and methods. A comprehensive review of scientific publications indexed in PubMed, HINARI, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect was conducted. Relevant epidemiological, clinical and aetiopathogenetic data were analysed using comparative and analytical methods. Results and discussion. Epidemiological studies show that chronic laryngitis affects approximately 3— 4 % of adults, with higher prevalence among smokers, individuals with reflux disease, and those exposed to occupational irritants. Smoking remains a major aetiological factor, significantly increasing the risk of laryngeal patho­logy. Gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal reflux are the leading causes in non-smokers, with symptom improvement reported in up to 96 % of patients receiving appropriate therapy. Occupational exposure to pollutants and intensive vocal activity are also strongly associated with disease development and persistence. Chronic inflammation may lead to epithelial hyperplasia, metaplasia, and increased risk of malignant transformation. Conclusions. Chronic laryngitis is a multifactorial disease requiring early diagnosis and comprehensive management. Elimination of risk factors, reflux control, vocal hygiene and occupational protection are essential for improving clinical outcomes, preventing complications and maintaining vocal health.