Chemical and microbial regulators of foraging behaviors in subterranean termites

Subterranean termites are among the most destructive structural pests, with a complex social structure controlled by chemical cues. Foraging-related semiochemicals, comprising termite-derived pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, fungi and their metabolites, and exogenous bioactive compounds, strongly influence key foraging behaviors, including tunneling, aggregation, feeding, and trail-following. As these chemical signals are integral to colony organization and resource exploitation, they represent an attractive prospect for developing sustainable termite control. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the origins, types, mechanistic processes, and functional importance of foraging-associated semiochemicals in subterranean termites. Particular attention is also given to compounds that can influence multiple foraging-related behaviors, highlighting their potential role in guiding termite activity towards targeted treatment zones. The incorporation of these semiochemicals into termite management practices, including baiting systems, attract-and-kill techniques, and termite-specific integrated pest management programs, is critically analyzed. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.