Diffuse Cystic Lung Diseases — A Primer for Radiologists

Abstract Diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) comprise a broad spectrum of disorders characterized by diffusely distributed pulmonary cysts, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging features. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) serves as the cornerstone for the diagnosis of DCLDs, yet its reliability is limited by technical constraints, including insufficient spatial resolution for subtle cysts and variable correlation with functional impairment. Furthermore, persistent discrepancies between imaging findings and underlying pathology highlight the inherent limitations of current modalities. This review synthesizes current diagnostic workflows, emphasizing the integration of imaging with clinical, genetic, and histopathological data within a multidisciplinary framework and appraising the impact of emerging technologies on diagnostic precision. Throughout this evolution, radiologists retain a central role in timely recognition, collaborative decision-making, and outcome optimization for patients with DCLDs.