Machinability enhancement of heat-treated Incoloy 800H during turning using laser-textured carbide inserts under semi-solid MoS₂ lubrication

Incoloy 800H is an iron-nickel-chromium based superalloy widely used in high-temperature applications, but its poor machinability due to rapid work hardening and low thermal conductivity makes machining difficult. This study experimentally investigates the machinability of heat-treated Incoloy 800H during CNC turning using laser-textured tungsten carbide cutting inserts combined with semi-solid MoS₂ lubrication. Four tool configurations were examined: non-textured (NT), parallel-textured (PT), elliptical-textured (ET), and semi-elliptical-textured (SCT) inserts. Turning experiments were performed by varying cutting speed (35-55 m/min) and feed rate (0.02-0.06 mm/rev) while maintaining a constant depth of cut of 1 mm. Machining performance was evaluated through surface roughness, cutting force, cutting power, specific energy consumption, specific cutting pressure, tool-tip temperature, and material removal rate. The results indicate that the parallel-textured tool exhibited superior machining performance compared with the other inserts. The lowest surface roughness of 0.30 µm, cutting force of 91.23 N, and tool-tip temperature of 73.2 °C were obtained with the PT insert under optimal cutting conditions. The improved performance is attributed to reduced tool-chip contact length and enhanced lubrication at the interface provided by the textured surface combined with MoS₂ lubrication. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed diffusion and abrasion as the dominant tool wear mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that the combined application of laser surface texturing and semi-solid MoS₂ lubrication significantly improves the machinability of Incoloy 800H during turning operations. The study provides experimental evidence that parallel-oriented surface textures effectively reduce tool-chip contact length and frictional interaction, thereby enhancing machining performance for difficult-to-cut superalloys.