Mental Health Care for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants in the United States

Diverse refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) populations in the United States face complex mental health needs that are shaped by migration experiences, cultural transitions, and structural barriers to accessing care. Although RIM populations have different legal statuses, cultural backgrounds, and lengths of U.S. residence, many encounter common stressors related to uncertain immigration policies, economic instability, and limited access to culturally responsive services. Recent federal actions-including suspension of the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program and revocation of "protected areas" policies-have intensified fears and mental health vulnerabilities among these populations. Using a multilevel, biopsychosocial approach, the authors aimed to provide clinical guidance on the biological, structural, sociocultural, and health care system factors that affect mental health care delivery for RIM populations. This article provides evidence-based clinical guidance and actionable recommendations that allow clinicians to selectively apply interventions (e.g., trauma-informed practices, low-barrier care models, medical-legal partnerships, and culturally responsive approaches that respect alternative healing frameworks) on the basis of individual patient circumstances. Key recommendations pertain to working with professional interpreters, navigating diagnostic ambiguity, and interfacing with immigration enforcement.