Descriptive Results From a Pilot Study to Test the NICU Paternal Needs Inventory

ABSTRACT Purpose: To measure the emotional, psychological, and physical needs of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) fathers using the NICU Paternal Needs Inventory (NPNI). Background: Although both parents experience stress when their newborn is in the NICU, the stress levels of mothers and fathers may differ significantly. The experiences of fathers are frequently more complex and unique than mothers, and research commonly does not prioritize paternal support. Although there is growing research regarding the father's experience, there is a deficiency of studies addressing their unique needs during the infant's hospitalization. Methods: This nonexperimental descriptive study was conducted in 4 NICUs around the United States. The NPNI, a visual analog 42-item tool derived from the Critical Care Maternal Needs Inventory, and demographic questionnaire, was delivered to 210 fathers of infants admitted to the NICU. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and factor analysis, using SPSS. Results: Factor analysis published elsewhere. Descriptive statistics revealed that 19 needs were rated 60%-100% but the remainder showed a wide range of responses. These items focused on their emotional and psychological needs. Conclusion: Fathers have a broad range of needs that are highly individualized and based on their own unique experiences. Implications for Practice and Research: To facilitate fathers' adaptation to the NICU environment, it is essential for nurses to implement a holistic approach that considers the distinct needs of each father. Further research is needed on the NPNI, especially on how it can be used to assess their needs throughout their stay in the NICU.