Low‐Dimensional Materials and Van Der Waals Heterostructures for Energy Application: A Comprehensive Review

Low‐dimensional materials (LDMs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique electronic structures and intriguing physicochemical properties. These materials, with their ability to exhibit exceptional behavior at low dimensions, are emerging as promising candidates for the development of advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. This review article explores the potential of LDMs by discussing the creation of mixed‐dimensional heterostructures, which combine various nanomaterials with different dimensionalities to offer tremendous potential for a wide range of applications. The dimensionalities of these materials play a crucial role in determining their properties. For instance, 0D materials are ideal for achieving high charge carrier mobility in semiconducting devices, whereas 1D materials facilitate the development of nanoscale electronics. 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, possess outstanding electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, enabling the construction of innovative devices. However, the formation of high‐quality epitaxial heterostructures or superlattices is often hindered by lattice mismatch between materials, limiting their potential applications. Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, on the other hand, provide a bond‐free strategy to integrate a wide range of materials, including 0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, 2D nanosheets, and 3D bulk materials, without the need for lattice matching. This approach enables the creation of versatile vdW heterostructures with tunable chemical compositions and electronic structures, making them ideal for next‐generation optoelectronic devices.