Multi-mobility Service Availability Rate (MA): An Indicator for Multiple Service Convenience

Abstract On-demand services are gradually being introduced worldwide. Each city usually provides both fixed-route and on-demand mobility services, improving mobility convenience in city areas. However, the benefits to users cannot easily be estimated. Fixed-route services facilitate understanding of users’ convenience by measuring access times to stations using conventional methods. However, on-demand services, which are usually not mass-transit services, change service quality spatiotemporally. Moreover, mixing the two types makes understanding more challenging. In this study, we propose a multi-mobility service availability rate ( MA ) that enables us to easily assess the convenience of mobility services, including on-demand services, across subareas. As case studies, we conducted simulations using MA in two areas with different multiple-service situations. In the first case, we evaluated the convenience of multiple mobility services. We selected the best service plan among three candidates based on the equity of MA in each subarea. In the second case, we searched for improvement measures and decided on the improvement direction in the context of an additional on-demand bus service. These findings underscore the value of MA as a practical tool for transportation planners and operators seeking to enhance multi-mobility service environments.