Aspirin as a neuroprotective scaffold in Alzheimer’s disease: inflammation, oxidative stress, and future directions

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. AD is associated with memory loss and cognitive decline. Several research works have been carried out to treat AD. However, currently available treatment options are only useful in the treatment of the individual pathology of AD but not useful in disease modification. Recent research works have identified the associated effects of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and glial cell dysfunction in AD pathology. Aspirin is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases. Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes through an irreversible pathway. However, aspirin also exhibits other important pharmacological properties. This review aims to highlight the potential of aspirin-based multi-target directed ligands in the regulation of AD pathology through the regulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.