Reverse-Flow Engineering of a Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

pollen and leaf tissues, where reverse flow enabled sampling from complex, particulate-rich surfaces. Together, these findings establish reverse-flow engineering as a robust strategy for enhancing LMJ-SSP performance, providing improved operational stability, reduced clogging, and consistent surface sampling under mass spectrometric operating conditions.