Gravitational Modulation via Stationary Superconducting Sphere with Rotating Electromagnetic Field — with Open-Hardware Kit for Independent Laboratory Replication

We present a third-generation experimental apparatus for testing gravitational modulation via superconductivity, addressing the critical limitations identified in all prior work including our own v2.0 apparatus. The design synthesizes the aerodynamic isolation approach of Titimali v2.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20085560) with the electromagnetic field hypothesis of Ning Li (1992) — the missing ingredient that explains why all previous Podkletnov replications, including our v2.0, produced null or ambiguous results. The key conceptual advance is the replacement of mechanical sphere rotation with a rotating electromagnetic field generated electronically by 60 independent FPCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Board) sectors on the outer sphere surface. The superconducting sphere remains stationary; the field rotates around it. This approach (1) eliminates all mechanical complexity of rotating cryogenic components, (2) enables full parametric control of field intensity, rotation frequency, and spatial pattern, and (3) allows systematic mapping of the complete experimental parameter space using automated pattern generation and data acquisition. The apparatus is designed as an open-source kit: all structural components are 3D-printable in PETG filament, the REBCO superconducting layer uses commercially available tape wound on the inner sphere, and the control electronics are based on standard power driver boards programmable via PC. Estimated total cost: EUR 5,000-8,000, accessible to any university laboratory or well-funded independent researcher without specialized infrastructure. All design files (STL, firmware, schematics) are released under open-source license. We submit this proposal as a definitive experimental framework that, for the first time, combines all identified necessary conditions for the Podkletnov-Ning Li gravitational modulation effect: superconducting geometry, electromagnetic field interaction, full aerodynamic isolation of the test mass, and systematic parametric exploration. If the effect exists, this apparatus will detect it. If it does not, it will produce a clean, reproducible null result.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-05-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134001
Primary Topic
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type
article
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article

Gravitational Modulation via Stationary Superconducting Sphere with Rotating Electromagnetic Field — with Open-Hardware Kit for Independent Laboratory Replication

Enrico Titimali
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
article

Gravitational Modulation via Stationary Superconducting Sphere with Rotating Electromagnetic Field — with Open-Hardware Kit for Independent Laboratory Replication

Enrico Titimali
article en

Abstract

We present a third-generation experimental apparatus for testing gravitational modulation via superconductivity, addressing the critical limitations identified in all prior work including our own v2.0 apparatus. The design synthesizes the aerodynamic isolation approach of Titimali v2.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20085560) with the electromagnetic field hypothesis of Ning Li (1992) — the missing ingredient that explains why all previous Podkletnov replications, including our v2.0, produced null or ambiguous results. The key conceptual advance is the replacement of mechanical sphere rotation with a rotating electromagnetic field generated electronically by 60 independent FPCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Board) sectors on the outer sphere surface. The superconducting sphere remains stationary; the field rotates around it. This approach (1) eliminates all mechanical complexity of rotating cryogenic components, (2) enables full parametric control of field intensity, rotation frequency, and spatial pattern, and (3) allows systematic mapping of the complete experimental parameter space using automated pattern generation and data acquisition. The apparatus is designed as an open-source kit: all structural components are 3D-printable in PETG filament, the REBCO superconducting layer uses commercially available tape wound on the inner sphere, and the control electronics are based on standard power driver boards programmable via PC. Estimated total cost: EUR 5,000-8,000, accessible to any university laboratory or well-funded independent researcher without specialized infrastructure. All design files (STL, firmware, schematics) are released under open-source license. We submit this proposal as a definitive experimental framework that, for the first time, combines all identified necessary conditions for the Podkletnov-Ning Li gravitational modulation effect: superconducting geometry, electromagnetic field interaction, full aerodynamic isolation of the test mass, and systematic parametric exploration. If the effect exists, this apparatus will detect it. If it does not, it will produce a clean, reproducible null result.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Gravitational Modulation via Stationary Superconducting Sphere with Rotating Electromagnetic Field — with Open-Hardware Kit for Independent Laboratory Replication — Enrico Titimali · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS