Clinical and dental status of patients with xerostomia

The aim of the study is to assess the clinical and dental characteristics of patients with manifestations of xerostomia based on the analysis of complaints, clinical data, and dental indices, in order to prevent and treat diseases of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, and dental caries. Material and methods. Two groups of patients aged 18 to 74 years were included in the study: the main group consisted of 62 individuals with severe xerostomia, and the comparison group included 64 patients with a moderate degree of this condition. The control group comprised conditionally healthy individuals aged 21—30 years (n=30). All patients underwent a clinical oral examination; complaints were recorded, and dental status indices were assessed (DMFT, OHI—S, PMA, PBI, CPI). To evaluate the functional reserve of the salivary glands, the rates of stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow (mL/min) were measured. The oral fluid was analyzed for electrolyte content, enzyme activity, total protein levels, and pH. Results and discussion. Patients in the study group with severe xerostomia had significantly higher subjective discomfort scores on the visual analog scale and a lower salivary flow rate than those in the comparison group. According to the index assessment, severe xerostomia was associated with greater intensity of caries and periodontal inflammation, as well as poor oral hygiene. Biochemical analysis of saliva revealed electrolyte imbalances, decreased enzymatic activity, and an acidic pH shift, which contributes to a high cariogenic potential. Conclusion. Severe xerostomia is associated with a high level of discomfort, decreased salivary flow, severe dental pathology, and salivary biochemical abnormalities. Hyposalivation is a significant risk factor for dental caries, inflammatory periodontal diseases, and mucosal lesions. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach, including preventive monitoring, stimulation of salivary flow, and oral hygiene.