Burden of depression among older Nigerian adults receiving outpatient cardiovascular disease care: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

This study provides one of the most comprehensive national assessments of depression among older adults living with cardiovascular disease in Nigeria, offering evidence with direct relevance for patients, families, clinicians, and health systems.By demonstrating an exceptionally high burden of depressive symptoms and identifying modifiable social and clinical factors associated with depression, such as medication dependence, alcohol use, comorbidities, illness duration, and living arrangements, the research highlights depression as a critical yet overlooked component of cardiovascular care in aging populations.The findings support the urgent integration of routine mental health screening into cardiovascular and geriatric services, particularly in low-and middle-income countries where resources are limited and mental health needs are often unmet.The use of a culturally adapted, multilingual assessment tool shows that context-sensitive approaches are both feasible and reliable, setting a practical model for other diverse settings in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.Beyond clinical practice, this research informs policymakers by providing nationally representative data that can guide resource allocation, workforce training, and the design of integrated mental-cardiac care pathways.It also underscores the protective role of family support, reinforcing the value of low-cost, family-centered and communitybased interventions.Internationally, the study contributes to global discussions on healthy aging by illustrating how mental health, chronic disease management, and social context intersect, offering insights applicable to aging societies worldwide.