Situational enjoyment is associated with gaze behaviour during reading

Reading enjoyment is typically studied as a stable trait, yet enjoyment fluctuates within individuals. We examined how both trait- and state-level reading enjoyment are associated with engagement and eye movements during naturalistic reading. Seventy-six adults read 40 book synopses, rated their enjoyment, answered comprehension questions, and decided whether to wait to view the book cover, while their eye movements were recorded. Mixed-effects models disaggregated between-participant (trait) from within-participant (state) enjoyment. Both levels predicted greater willingness to wait and higher comprehension. Trait enjoyment was associated with longer passage and total word reading times. State enjoyment was linked to longer passage times, increased word skipping, faster early word processing, and increased regressions, suggesting more efficient first-pass reading accompanied by increased rereading. These findings suggest that momentary fluctuations in intrinsic motivation are systematically associated with differences in reading strategies, indicating a close link between perceived value and the allocation of cognitive resources during text processing.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Communications Psychology
Published
2026-05-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00472-1
Primary Topic
Mind wandering and attention
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Situational enjoyment is associated with gaze behaviour during reading

Yunxi Li, Amrita Bains, Emma Hance, Adam James Parker et al.
Communications Psychology
Mind wandering and attention
article

Situational enjoyment is associated with gaze behaviour during reading

Yunxi Li, Amrita Bains, Emma Hance, Adam James Parker, Yifangjia Zhang, Dorothy Zhiyu Gao
article en

Abstract

Reading enjoyment is typically studied as a stable trait, yet enjoyment fluctuates within individuals. We examined how both trait- and state-level reading enjoyment are associated with engagement and eye movements during naturalistic reading. Seventy-six adults read 40 book synopses, rated their enjoyment, answered comprehension questions, and decided whether to wait to view the book cover, while their eye movements were recorded. Mixed-effects models disaggregated between-participant (trait) from within-participant (state) enjoyment. Both levels predicted greater willingness to wait and higher comprehension. Trait enjoyment was associated with longer passage and total word reading times. State enjoyment was linked to longer passage times, increased word skipping, faster early word processing, and increased regressions, suggesting more efficient first-pass reading accompanied by increased rereading. These findings suggest that momentary fluctuations in intrinsic motivation are systematically associated with differences in reading strategies, indicating a close link between perceived value and the allocation of cognitive resources during text processing.

Communications Psychology
University College of Osteopathy (GB), University College London (GB)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Mind wandering and attention
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Situational enjoyment is associated with gaze behaviour during reading — Yunxi Li, Amrita Bains, et al. · Communications Psychology (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS