Binocular vision emerges from the coordinated development of orbit convergence, eye orientation, and high-acuity retinal specializations
; and that ipsilateral projections to the superior colliculus mature in parallel to binocular expansion. These changes coincide with the emergence of binocular-dependent behaviors such as depth discrimination and looming-evoked escape responses. Together, our findings demonstrate that binocular vision emerges through the coordinated alignment of multiple developmental processes across levels of organization.
Authors
- Macarena Ruiz-Flores
- Luciana López‐Jury (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-2586)
- Cristián Morales (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-7261)
- Macarena Faunes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-448X)
- Alfonso Deichler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-8539)
- Jorge Mpodozis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-5579)
- Gonzalo J. Marín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-6469)
- Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Natalia I. Márquez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-6211)
Institutions
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- Millennium Science Initiative (CL)
- Finis Terrae University (CL)
- University of Chile (CL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2026-05-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2537038123
- Primary Topic
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico