Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Isolates in Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiogram

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a life-threatening infection that affects the brain and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate antibiotics are crucial for favorable outcomes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis plays a crucial part in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the causative organisms. This review summarizes the phenotypic characterization of significant bacterial infections found in CSF, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, current trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and their clinical implications are discussed. Understanding these aspects is crucial for guiding empirical therapy, monitoring emerging resistance, and improving patient management strategies in cases of severe bacterial meningitis.