Guarded Language Operators as Contractions in a Length-Based Ultrametric Space

We study a class of wrapping operators acting on the space of formal languages over a fixed finite alphabet. The underlying space is equipped with a length-based ultrametric, in which two languages are close whenever they coincide on all sufficiently short words. We prove that every wrapping operator generated by a finite family of guards with positive total guard length is a contraction. As a consequence, Banach’s contraction principle yields existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for the corresponding recursive language equation, together with convergence of the Picard iteration from an arbitrary initial language. We also obtain an explicit quantitative estimate for the rate of convergence. This makes it possible to determine how many iterations are sufficient to recover the fixed point correctly on all words up to a prescribed length. Several examples illustrate the theory, including operators with different guard lengths and a case showing that convergence in the length-based ultrametric does not coincide with set-theoretic convergence. An application to recursive structures and document validation is also presented, including recursive data formats, abstract syntax trees, and a restricted fragment of JSON schemas. The results provide a formal foundation for validation together with explicit bounds for correctness on inputs of bounded length.

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Journal
Mathematics
Published
2026-05-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/math14101644
Primary Topic
semigroups and automata theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Guarded Language Operators as Contractions in a Length-Based Ultrametric Space

Atanas Ilchev, Hristina Kulina, Hristo Hristov, Boyan Zlatanov
Mathematics
semigroups and automata theory
article

Guarded Language Operators as Contractions in a Length-Based Ultrametric Space

Atanas Ilchev, Hristina Kulina, Hristo Hristov, Boyan Zlatanov
article en

Abstract

We study a class of wrapping operators acting on the space of formal languages over a fixed finite alphabet. The underlying space is equipped with a length-based ultrametric, in which two languages are close whenever they coincide on all sufficiently short words. We prove that every wrapping operator generated by a finite family of guards with positive total guard length is a contraction. As a consequence, Banach’s contraction principle yields existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for the corresponding recursive language equation, together with convergence of the Picard iteration from an arbitrary initial language. We also obtain an explicit quantitative estimate for the rate of convergence. This makes it possible to determine how many iterations are sufficient to recover the fixed point correctly on all words up to a prescribed length. Several examples illustrate the theory, including operators with different guard lengths and a case showing that convergence in the length-based ultrametric does not coincide with set-theoretic convergence. An application to recursive structures and document validation is also presented, including recursive data formats, abstract syntax trees, and a restricted fragment of JSON schemas. The results provide a formal foundation for validation together with explicit bounds for correctness on inputs of bounded length.

MathematicsVol. 14(10)
Plovdiv University (BG), Plovdiv University (BG)
European Commission
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
semigroups and automata theory
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Guarded Language Operators as Contractions in a Length-Based Ultrametric Space — Atanas Ilchev, Hristina Kulina, et al. · Mathematics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS