Coupling Optimization of Urban Spatial Morphology and Wind Environment Based on a Complex Network Model

Against the backdrop of global warming and rapid urbanization, high-density central urban areas in valley cities face exacerbated ventilation deterioration and reduced pedestrian-level wind comfort due to topographic constraints and intensive development. This study investigates the coupling mechanism between spatial morphology and wind environment in Lanzhou’s Xiguan Cross area using a complex network model, CFD numerical simulation, and statistical analysis. A ventilation resistance surface was constructed using circuit theory and ArcGIS 10.8 to identify ventilation corridors. PHOENICS was used to simulate summer pedestrian-level (1.5 m) wind fields, while SPSS 2025 was employed for regression analysis of building density, enclosure degree, and dispersion degree against the mean wind velocity ratio. Results indicate: (1) wind velocities are higher at the periphery and lower in the interior; (2) building density and enclosure degree have a highly significant negative impact on the wind velocity ratio, whereas dispersion degree has a significant positive impact, with influence intensity ranked as enclosure degree > building density > dispersion degree. Based on these findings, three differentiated morphological optimization strategies are proposed and validated through simulation, effectively increasing the proportion of comfortable wind zones. This study provides a scientific basis for improving urban microclimate and pedestrian comfort through urban design.