Ontological System of Intrinsic Gravitational Approximation (Mass‑Energy Approximation Theory)

Abstract This paper proposes the Ontological System of Intrinsic Gravitational Approximation (Mass-Energy Approximation Theory), aiming to provide an ontological explanation of gravitational phenomena with a clearer physical picture. This theory strictly adheres to the core boundary of "mathematical equivalence, ontological upgrade": it is fully compatible with all experimentally and astronomically verified quantitative results of Newtonian mechanics and general relativity. It only regards the geometric formulation of general relativity as a high-precision equivalent mathematical tool, and reconstructs the physical essence of gravity from "spacetime curvature" to "the holistic manifestation of the intrinsic mutual approximation property of mass-energy bodies". Based on three mutually consistent and logically non-overlapping core postulates, the theory derives six fundamental theorems and constructs a complete logical system. Its core innovations are as follows: 1. It naturally derives the weak equivalence principle from the ontological level, completely solving the century-old dilemma that it can only be used as a prerequisite assumption in classical mechanics and general relativity. 2. It proposes the orbital locking and approximation share transfer mechanism, which can naturally explain the flat galaxy rotation curves without introducing the ad hoc hypothesis of dark matter particles. 3. With a unified ontological framework, it completely explains all classical gravitational phenomena such as photon gravitational deflection, gravitational redshift, gravitational time dilation, black hole shadow, Shapiro delay, and Mercury's perihelion precession, with quantitative results fully consistent with measured values. This system is logically self-consistent, applicable to all scales, compatible with the causality of special relativity and the basic framework of quantum mechanics, and provides a brand-new underlying logic for the unification of gravitational theories.