Multiscale Electromechanical Metamodeling of Adaptive Graphene-Origami Nanocomposite Shells: Stress, Strain, and Deformation Responses in Curvilinear Architectures

This study examines the higher-order stress, strain, and deformation of a shear-deformable cylindrical sandwich shell. The shell consists of a Copper (Cu) matrix core, reinforced with a graphene origami-based auxetic metamaterial, and is encapsulated by two piezoelectric surface layers. The system is subjected to combined mechanical, electrical, and thermal loading. Temperature-dependent micromechanical models are employed to determine the effective properties of the auxetic core, incorporating variables such as local temperature, graphene volume fraction, and folding geometry. Piezoelectric constitutive relations govern the piezoelectric layers, capturing electromechanical coupling. Governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual work, inclusive of thermal effects, and solved analytically using Navier’s method to assess the structural response under varying electrical loads, graphene content, and origami folding configurations. A detailed parametric analysis elucidates the influence of these factors on stress distribution, strain fields, and deformation modes. The theoretical framework, numerical approach, and results are validated through a verification study, confirming robustness and accuracy. This research provides a foundation for designing multifunctional sandwich structures with tunable auxetic and piezoelectric characteristics, suitable for adaptive aerospace systems, energy harvesting, and thermally responsive applications.