The Scalp as a Donor Site in Pediatric Burns: Systematic Review of the Literature and Proposal of a Management Algorithm

Background: Deep burns in pediatric population often require split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) and the identification of an optimal donor site is crucial to minimize morbidity, accelerate healing and reduce short- and long-term complications. The scalp appears to be increasingly used in clinical practice, but evidence remains limited, despite the promise of novel bioengineering and regenerative approaches. Methods: A systematic review about the use of scalp for STSG in pediatrics was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane (2005–2025). Clinical outcomes considered were donor-site healing time, early and late complications, perioperative practices, and quality of scars. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 417, mean age 2.9–7.3 years) with follow-up periods up to 27 years. Epithelialization occurred between 7 and 25 days. Early complications included folliculitis (up to 44% in certain hair types) and delayed healing (n = 13; 52%). A rigorous harvesting technique is needed to avoid preventable complications. Late sequelae included alopecia (1.6% to 33%—the latter largely unperceived by patients) and hypertrophic scarring (1.6–4%). Scar quality was rated good in >80% of cases. Conclusions: Evidence supports the scalp as a safe, efficient, and cosmetically favorable donor site for pediatric STSG. Based on evidence and clinical experience, we propose the first structured scalp-donor management algorithm to optimize safety, reduce complications, and standardize perioperative care in the management of pediatric burns.