Active Sites of Metal‐Free Carbon Materials in Energy Electrocatalysis

carbon with initial active sites in various reactions. After that, we separately discuss the active sites of carbon materials in specific electrocatalytic reactions, with a special emphasis on determining the static active sites among various functional groups and identifying the active sites during dynamic reconstruction in electrocatalysis. The general methods used to determine whether a specific site is an active site are then summarized. Finally, outlooks on the further development of investigating active sites of carbon materials are presented.