Cornering: A Geometric Framework for Surgical Dissection in Minimally Invasive Surgery

as the terminal transition where opposing planes resolve into a continuous surface.ResultsCornering highlights that effective dissection depends on maintaining an appropriate three-dimensional dihedral angle between opposing surfaces, allowing the dissecting edge to remain in a planarized state. Within this framework, inefficient or unsafe dissection is interpreted as insufficient traction, inappropriate angulation, or loss of effective depth. Two modes of Cornering are identified: surface-based Cornering between tissue planes and axis-based Cornering along cylindrical structures.ConclusionsCornering provides a geometric framework that formalizes surgical dissection as a reproducible process. By extending established principles such as triangulation and traction-countertraction, it offers a practical and visually interpretable model that may support surgical education, intraoperative assessment, and technique standardization in MIS.