The hidden mysteries of our ice giant planets

Nearly 40 years have passed since Voyager 2 visited the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune, yet many fundamental questions about these worlds remains unresolved. With the planetary science community now prioritizing a dedicated Uranus mission, we highlight key scientific questions it could address, including interior compositions and structures, magnetic field generation, atmospheric compositions and heat flow, and the dynamics of moons and rings. We further outline spacecraft measurements needed to finally resolve these long-standing questions and advance our understanding of the ice giants.