Relativistic Limitation on Instantaneous Charge Redistribution in Conductors

This work explores the relativistic limitations of charge redistribution in conductors. Classical electrostatics assumes that charges spread instantaneously across a conductor’s surface, but relativity forbids faster‑than‑light propagation. Through a thought experiment with an infinitely long wire, supported by Maxwell’s equations and retarded potentials, the paper demonstrates that instantaneous redistribution is not possible. The analysis clarifies the boundary between electrostatics and relativistic electrodynamics, offering a conceptual framework for understanding the limits of Coulomb’s law.