Targeted therapies in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: a review focused on contemporary clinical context

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is a recently recognized disease, still significantly underdiagnosed.It is characterized by infiltration of amyloid proteins resulting from the destabilization of the transthyretin protein produced in the liver.There are two predominant presentations, the hereditary form and the wild-type form, both with cardiac involvement leading to heart failure and reducing life expectancy.In recent years, multiple treatment options targeting the cause of the disease, known as disease-modifying therapies, have emerged, and the use of traditional heart failure treatments has become necessary.This review addresses traditional and disease-modifying therapies for this disease, addressing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and real-world implementation.