Failure Mechanism and Safety Optimization of Lithium-Ion Batteries

This work investigates the failure events and safety improvement of lithium-ion batteries as one important clean energy product with clear safety issues. It also sums up the failure ways of the four main parts: cathode structural phase change and low thermal stability, lithium dendrite growth and worsening of lithium anode SEI film, chemical breakdown and hydrolysis of electrolytes, and thermal shrinkage and physical harm of separators. The mix of outside abuse, making flaws, and cycle aging makes battery failure worse and can even cause thermal runaway. For each part, control steps are given, as well as control steps together, such as material and structural improvement, standard use and care, and recycling and reuse. Like the paper does, this one also points out research gaps (e.g., not clearly linked failure ways involving many factors). Future studies should have multi-scale studies and full-life cycle tests, the real-world use of highperformance materials, and the setting up of a full-life cycle safety system, to make sure the safe and steady use of Li-ion batteries.