Hematological and immune cell changes in complete blood count before and after hemodialysis

Chronic kidney disease has a major impact on the quality of life and mortality, and affects nearly 10% of the global population, with 4.8% prevalence in Saudi Arabia, and the rates increase sharply with age. Despite advances in hemodialysis (HD) technology, several studies have demonstrated that it exposes patients to immune dysregulation, increasing vulnerability to infections and inflammation-related problems. This study aims to examine Complete Blood Count (CBC) alterations associated with HD, offering insight into hematological stability and immune cell dynamics that could refine patient monitoring and improve clinical outcomes. A total of 107 patients were included in this study, of whom 55.1% were male and 44.9% were female. According to our results, HD changes the dynamics of immune cells. Males showed higher percentages of neutrophils, while females showed higher counts of lymphocytes and monocytes before HD, indicating sex-based immune differences. Additionally, HD was linked to decreases in WBCs and RBC parameters, emphasizing immunological suppression and anemia as major clinical challenges. These results highlight the significance of taking age, sex, and comorbidities into account when interpreting CBC changes in HD patients. They also highlight the need for biomarkers and that accurately evaluate the immune and hematological health of this population.