Formulation of Nutraceutical Detoxifying Capsules from Goji Berry, Lemon, and Watermelon Using Spray Drying and Microencapsulation Techniques

Aims: The present study aimed to develop nutraceutically enriched detoxifying pills using spray-dried and microencapsulated powders of goji berry (Lycium barbarum), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and lemon (Citrus limon). The objectives were to preserve bioactive compounds, improve storage stability, and formulate a convenient oral dosage form with enhanced nutraceutical potential. Study Design: A laboratory-based experimental investigation involving physicochemical analysis of fruits, spray drying of fruit juices, microencapsulation using suitable wall materials, and formulation and evaluation of detoxifying pills. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Engineering, East West College of Engineering, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, during the academic year 2024–2025. Methodology: Dried goji berries and fresh watermelon and lemon fruits were cleaned and processed to extract juices. Watermelon and lemon juices were obtained using mechanical and citrus juicers, respectively, while goji berries were soaked, blended, and filtered. Physicochemical properties were evaluated using standard analytical methods. Initial moisture content of juices was 75.2% (goji berry), 81.78% (lemon), and 95.23% (watermelon). The pH values were 5.68, 4.76, and 5.81, respectively, while total soluble solids were 2 °Brix (goji berry), 8 °Brix (lemon), and 7 °Brix (watermelon). Maltodextrin was used as the wall material. The homogenized feed solution was spray-dried at an inlet temperature of 160 °C, outlet temperature of 80 °C, and feed flow rate of 5–10 ml/min. The resulting microencapsulated powders were blended in fixed proportions and filled into HPMC (size 00) capsules. Results: Spray drying produced free-flowing microencapsulated powders with low residual moisture contents of 4.00% (goji berry), 3.80% (lemon), and 2.16% (watermelon), indicating improved shelf stability. Lemon powder exhibited higher acidity, contributing to better microbial stability, while goji berry and watermelon powders retained antioxidant potential. The formulated detoxifying pills showed uniform appearance and structural integrity. Capsule dimensions were consistent, with an average length of 24.60 mm, breadth of 7.18 mm, and thickness of 7.91 mm. Cost–benefit analysis showed a favorable ratio of 1:1.25, confirming techno-economic feasibility. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that spray-drying microencapsulation effectively preserves bioactive compounds and produces stable detoxifying pills with good physical quality, nutraceutical value, and potential for commercial application.