An Observational and Forecast Study of Super Typhoon Fung‐Wong in 2025 Over the South China Sea

Abstract Super Typhoon Fung‐wong took an unusual track over the western North Pacific and the northeastern part of the South China Sea in the late typhoon season of 2025. This paper summarizes some integrated observations about this super typhoon, including aircraft, dropsonde and wind profiler data. In particular, such observations show the interesting features about the extensive gale force wind area over the Taiwan Strait, wrapping into the outer circulation of Fung‐wong. They are consistent with the wind field observations from polar‐orbiting meteorological satellites. This paper also discusses the forecasting aspects of Fung‐wong. Firstly, the localized wind features over Hong Kong are analyzed, namely, mountain wave feature for strong northerly winds in the lower troposphere, vertical circulation between the lower tropospheric northerly winds and the upper tropospheric southerly winds, and the elongated area of moderate turbulence downstream of a relatively low hill near the Hong Kong International Airport. The short to medium term forecast of Fung‐wong is presented, including both track and intensity forecasts. Sub‐seasonal forecast is also described, and the related model appears to capture well the occurrence of the extensive circulation of Fung‐wong up to 8 weeks in advance. The earth and space‐based observations of Fung‐wong, as well as its forecasting aspect, is believed to be useful for reference by weather forecasters in the region.