Frontiers of 3D and 4D Printing in Analytical Chemistry: From Device Fabrication to Practical Implementation

ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing technologies, particularly three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional printing, are transforming analytical chemistry by offering unprecedented opportunities for device innovation, customization, and integration. 3D printing has enabled rapid prototyping of microfluidic platforms, chromatographic supports, and sensor housings with high precision and reduced cost. The extension to 4D printing—using stimuli‐responsive and adaptive materials—further expands functionality by allowing real time dynamic modulation of analytical devices. This review highlights the materials, printing modalities, and design workflows that underpin these advances, as well as their integration with major analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Case studies demonstrate successful translation of printed devices into environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical quality assurance, and clinical diagnostics. However, challenges persist in achieving standardization, regulatory compliance, scalability, and long‐term stability of adaptive materials. Emerging trends include the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced data analytics to enhance performance and predictive capabilities. The convergence of 3D/4D printing with lab‐on‐a‐chip systems and portable platforms holds promise for developing autonomous and sustainable analytical workflows. Collectively, these innovations position additive manufacturing as a transformative technology, reshaping the future of analytical science and bridging the gap between laboratory development and practical implementation.