Biochemical and agronomic responses of guar to nitrogen, Bradyrhizobium inoculation and deficit irrigation under arid and semi-arid conditions

× RS-150, indicating osmotic adjustment. Crude protein, metabolizable energy, and dry matter digestibility were further improved under full irrigation and higher nitrogen supply. Overall, integrated nitrogen management and rhizobial inoculation partially mitigated drought-induced yield reductions and improved the forage quality of guar under semi-arid conditions.