Climate Change and Extreme Weather Event Adaptations for Individuals With Dementia: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: Dementia prevalence and the impacts of climate change are projected to rise significantly over the next three decades. Climate change vulnerability consists of three components: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. While prior research has examined the exposure and sensitivity of persons with dementia, their adaptive capacity remains understudied. As climate change intensifies, understanding and enhancing the adaptive capabilities of persons with dementia is essential for developing climate-resilient strategies. This review explores factors that contribute to the resilience of persons with dementia in the face of climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs). METHODS: A systematic review of literature was conducted using Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases, current as of March 2023. Included studies followed SPIDER guidelines and were published in English between January 2017 and February 2023. RESULTS: Of 473 screened articles, 13 met the inclusion criteria: 5 cohort studies, 4 qualitative studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 1 prevalence study. Quality assessment was conducted using the JBI SUMARI Critical Appraisal Tool and data was synthesized narratively. Three key themes emerged: (1) effects of climate conditions on cognitive function, (2) importance of socialization, and (3) standards for best practice. CONCLUSION: Socialization and community support are critical in preserving cognitive function and enhancing the adaptive capacity of persons with dementia in response to EWEs. To improve outcomes, specialized training for caregivers, shelter staff, and emergency responders is necessary. Policies must also strengthen support for people with dementia and their caregivers. Future research should explore the needs of individuals at different stages of dementia and develop targeted interventions to foster resilience and protect their well-being in emergencies. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023414468.