Spermatic Cord Lipomas: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Differential Considerations

BACKGROUND: Spermatic cord lipomas (SCLs) are benign adipose lesions commonly encountered during inguinal hernia evaluation or surgery. Their clinical significance lies in their frequent mimicry of inguinal hernias and other inguinoscrotal masses, which may lead to diagnostic confusion and inappropriate management. METHODS: A systematic review of literature from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and SpringerLink was conducted. Studies focusing on prevalence, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of SCLs were included. RESULTS: SCLs account for 30%-35% of benign spermatic cord tumors and are often confused with inguinal hernias. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI have improved diagnostic accuracy. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, with both open and laparoscopic techniques showing high success rates. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness of SCLs among surgeons is crucial for accurate diagnosis and optimal management. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of surgical versus conservative management.