Integrating Biochar-Based Microbial Technologies with Ecosystem Regulation for Lake Organic Pollution Control

In recent years, lake water pollution has become increasingly serious, especially organic pollution, which has become a major problem affecting water quality and ecological security. Many physical/chemical methods used for treatment have instead caused secondary pollution to the environment. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using this multiscale synergistic mechanism to treat organic pollutants in lakes and some future research directions, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to the treatment of organic pollutants in lakes. The combination of biochar-microbe systems with technologies such as constructed wetlands, submerged plant restoration, and food chain regulation, which utilize the ecosystem's own repair capabilities to restore the ecological environment, has formed a multi-scale synergistic system of “biochar-microbes-ecosystem regulation.” Studies have shown that this system enhances the ability of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants at the microscopic level, promotes plant-microbe interactions at the mesoscopic level, and strengthens the self-repair capacity of the ecosystem at the macroscopic level. This synergistic system can significantly improve the removal rate of organic pollution and the efficiency of ecological restoration. This method is highly sustainable and environmentally friendly and is expected to reduce reliance on traditional physical or chemical methods, avoid potential secondary pollution, and fully leverage the ecosystem's own regulatory and self-repair capabilities to achieve effective governance of lake water environments. Challenges include key bottlenecks in the mechanism of action, material stability, and ecological adaptability of this synergistic system. Future research should focus on multi-scale mechanism analysis and interdisciplinary integration to promote its advancement towards ecological engineering and large-scale application.