Breastfeeding Recommendations: Torn Between Evidence and Emotions—A Commentary

The recently published German evidence-based guideline on “Breastfeeding Duration” recommends that infants in Germany should be exclusively or predominantly breastfed for 6 months, with a total breastfeeding duration of 12 months. These recommendations rely exclusively on low- and very low-certainty evidence, and fall short of what would be expected for an evidence-based guideline. The guideline has been criticized by a large number of eight professional organizations, which is very unusual. As delegates or deputy delegates of our respective medical-scientific societies participating in the six-year guideline development process, we disagree with the published guideline recommendations and present here our key methodological and content-related concerns. In our view, there is no sufficient evidence that would demonstrate superiority of the proposed recommendation with respect to benefits and harms compared to the long-standing recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months and continued breastfeeding for as long as mother and child desire for healthy populations in Germany and Western Europe.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nutrients
Published
2026-05-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18101498
Primary Topic
Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Breastfeeding Recommendations: Torn Between Evidence and Emotions—A Commentary

Frank Jochum, Martina Kohl‐Sobania, Walter A. Mihatsch, Berthold V. Koletzko et al.
Nutrients
Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
article

Breastfeeding Recommendations: Torn Between Evidence and Emotions—A Commentary

Frank Jochum, Martina Kohl‐Sobania, Walter A. Mihatsch, Berthold V. Koletzko, Diana Rubin
article en

Abstract

The recently published German evidence-based guideline on “Breastfeeding Duration” recommends that infants in Germany should be exclusively or predominantly breastfed for 6 months, with a total breastfeeding duration of 12 months. These recommendations rely exclusively on low- and very low-certainty evidence, and fall short of what would be expected for an evidence-based guideline. The guideline has been criticized by a large number of eight professional organizations, which is very unusual. As delegates or deputy delegates of our respective medical-scientific societies participating in the six-year guideline development process, we disagree with the published guideline recommendations and present here our key methodological and content-related concerns. In our view, there is no sufficient evidence that would demonstrate superiority of the proposed recommendation with respect to benefits and harms compared to the long-standing recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months and continued breastfeeding for as long as mother and child desire for healthy populations in Germany and Western Europe.

NutrientsVol. 18(10)
German Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (DE), Vivantes Klinikum (DE), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE), Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences (DE), Waldkrankenhaus Protestant Hospital (DE), Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane (DE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), University of Lübeck (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
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Breastfeeding Recommendations: Torn Between Evidence and Emotions—A Commentary — Frank Jochum, Martina Kohl‐Sobania, et al. · Nutrients (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS