The impact of fused deposition modeling (FDM) nozzle types on the structure of 3D printed f-fibers

Abstract FDM 3D printing process is subject to a variety of adjustable parameters that significantly influence the structure and quality of the printed samples. In this study, we undertook a thorough examination of how different nozzle types, in conjunction with specific software settings, affect the structural uniformity of the printed samples. Our evaluation criterion focused on achieving and analyzing extruded filament fibers (f-fibers) with minimal width. To accomplish this, we systematically modified various printing parameters and evaluated the quality of the f-fiber structure at each stage. Key parameters tested included print temperature, nozzle-to-bed distance, programmed line width, nozzle design and its construction material composition. For each parameter examined, a distinct hypothesis was formulated, followed by results that encompassed both visual macro photographs and analytical conclusions elucidating our observations. This research empowers 3D printing professionals to assess how individual print settings or the morphology of specific nozzles can impact the final output.