Integrated stochastic finite-fault simulation of near-fault ground motions: application to the 2013 MW 6.7 Lushan earthquake

6.7 Lushan thrust earthquake, together with regionalized attenuation and site parameters, against recorded strong-motion data at 18 near-field stations. Results demonstrate that GMSS accurately reproduces observed Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS), 5%-damped Pseudo-acceleration response spectra (PSA), and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The incorporation of non-stationary phase characteristics markedly improves the time-domain envelope and phase realism of synthetic waveforms, enhancing the physical fidelity and predictive accuracy of broadband ground-motion simulation. The GMSS framework therefore provides a practical tool for stochastic finite-fault simulation and seismic hazard assessment in regions lacking abundant strong-motion records. Nevertheless, both methods still show limited performance in the low-frequency range below 1 Hz.