Resveratrol as a protective and ameliorative agent in endometriosis

Endometriosis (END) is a gynecological disease marked by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, inducing estrogen-driven inflammation that manifests through chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, which impacts life quality. The pathophysiology of END involves genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, and immune disorders, generating pro-angiogenic and inflammatory environment. Resveratrol (RES), a naturally occurring polyphenol, recently became known as a potential therapeutic product owing to its diverse biological functions. This review examines the pathophysiological origins of END and clarifies the processes by which RES has therapeutic benefits. Resveratrol offers a novel, non-hormonal treatment strategy for endometriosis management by exhibiting anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, anti-adhesive, pro-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and hormone-modulating properties.