Trends of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections at a large traditional Chinese medicine hospital in China: a 10-year surveillance study (2015–2024)

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) pathogens at a large traditional Chinese medicine hospital in China. METHODS: 2 Compact. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. RESULTS: The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSI-causing bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The isolation rate of E. coli dropped sharply from 37.33% in 2015-2016 to 15.37% in 2023-2024 (P < 0.01). E. coli displayed the highest sensitivity rates to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin, with sensitivity rates exceeding 90.00%. The dramatic decreasing trends were observed for Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), cephalosporins, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, and levofloxacin. S. aureus had a relatively high resistance rate to penicillin G, and the resistance rate of S. aureus to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin appeared to be rising. The isolation rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ranged from 25.00% to 40.00%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infection was associated with a higher 30-day mortality than other infections. CONCLUSIONS: The isolation rate of E. coli exhibited a striking decreasing trend in our retrospective study. The resistance rate of K. pneumoniae to TZP, cephalosporins, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, and levofloxacin decreased significantly. The resistance rate of E. coli to carbapenems remained low, and the isolation rate of MRSA was relatively stable during the 10 years.