Structural equation modeling in nursing research: challenges, strategies, and practical recommendations

Abstract This article aims to empower nurse researchers to use SEM effectively, thereby enhancing the quality and significance of their work. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is increasingly recognized in nursing research as a method for testing complex theoretical models and exploring relationships between latent variables. A Methodological Discussion Study. This study offers a structured, practical guide for nurse researchers. To implement this approach effectively, researchers must consider several assumptions and requirements discussed in this article. It addresses common challenges, such as sample size determination, missing data, and model validation, and provides actionable recommendations. Nursing-specific examples support researchers in applying SEM rigorously and meaningfully. Ultimately, the appropriate use of SEM enhances the validity and credibility of research findings, supports evidence-based practice, and contributes to the theoretical development of the nursing discipline.