In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Calcium Alginate–Zinc Hemostatic Biomaterial

Achieving hemostasis is crucial in neurosurgery, yet conventional methods are not always feasible, making topical hemostatic agents necessary. Current resorbable hemostatic agents allow effective hemostasis but must remain in situ to prevent rebleeding. This can provoke foreign body reactions leading to prolonged microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, which may exacerbate damage and delay recovery. It highlights the need for new hemostatic materials that can be removed after controlling bleeding while being safe for neurons and microglia. One candidate is Hemo-Ionic, a non-resorbable hemostatic compress composed of calcium alginate and zinc (Zn2+). Hemo-Ionic previously demonstrated effective in vitro and in vivo hemostasis, comparable to Surgicel and TachoSil, and pro-repair properties. In this study, Hemo-Ionic’s effect on neuronal and microglial cells was investigated in vitro. Results showed that Hemo-Ionic preserved cell viability and had an antioxidant capacity through protection from lipid peroxidation. Hemo-Ionic also reduced nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) expression and release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Finally, neuronal viability was restored when exposed to supernatants of Hemo-Ionic-treated microglia. These findings indicate that Hemo-Ionic’s safety and capacity to reduce neuroinflammation, combined with its hemostatic efficacy and non-resorbable nature, make it a promising alternative to resorbable hemostatic agents used in neurosurgery.