Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Achillea arabica and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities

. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles significantly inhibited bacterial biofilm formation with inhibition rates reaching approximately 64%.These findings highlight the potential of A. arabica-mediated AgNPs as promising bioactive nanomaterials for antimicrobial and biomedical applications, emphasizing the role of plant-derived phytochemicals in controlling nanoparticle morphology and biological activity.