Eco-friendly bricks manufactured from municipal sewage sludge before and after electrodialytic recovery of phosphorus

in 4 days. Zn and Cd were efficiently removed (60-80%), whereas Cu and Pb showed limited mobilization. Bricks with 10-30% sludge fired at 1020-1040 °C exhibited the expected trade‑off: higher sludge content increased open porosity and lowered dry density due to gas evolution and flux‑controlled vitrification; higher firing temperature enhanced densification. Bricks made with ED‑treated sludge were slightly more porous and less dense-consistent with ED‑altered chemistry-yet up to 10% treated‑sludge mixtures retained acceptable physical properties. Overall, direct ED on digested sludge enables meaningful P recovery and heavy metal removal while supporting partial sludge reuse in bricks. The results define operating windows for balancing resource recovery and material performance and motivate further optimization of ED settings and sintering schedules.