Pedigree Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Traditional Dwellings in the Liaoning Coastal Area, China

As a key convergence zone between the Circum-Bohai Sea cultural circle and the land–sea interface of Northeast Asia, the Liaoning coastal area has been shaped by multicultural integration, endowing its dwellings with distinctive cultural hybridity and geographic adaptability. This study takes 160 traditional dwellings as samples and integrates field surveys, historical documents, and multi-source geographic data to construct a multi-dimensional feature identification system. Quantitative classification is conducted using principal component analysis and systematic clustering, and external validity is verified through historical document comparison and spatial overlay analysis. The results indicate that five dwelling pedigrees are identified: the Coastal Quadrangle Courtyard Type, the Coastal Flat-Roofed Middle Courtyard Type, the Coastal Gabled-Roof Small Courtyard Type, the Mountainous Gabled-Roof Small Courtyard Type, and the Plain Flat-Roofed Long Courtyard Type. Regarding the formation mechanism, geographic detectors reveal that the coupling effect of migration culture and topographical conditions is the dominant mechanism shaping pedigree differentiation. This study verifies the applicability of integrating quantitative and qualitative methods in dwelling research within multicultural convergence zones, constructs a pedigree framework for traditional dwellings in coastal Liaoning, and provides a theoretical basis for the systematic understanding and sustainable conservation of vernacular architectural heritage in the Circum-Bohai Sea region.